Sinus rhythm

The P wave
Depolarization of the atria (atrial systole = contraction of the atria ) depolarization wave extending from the sinus node through the atria : reflects the activity of sinoatrial node .
Usually 0.08 to 0.1 seconds.
The PR interval or space PQ

Atrio -ventricular conduction.
Usually between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds .
The QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles (ventricular systole = contraction of the ventricles )
Normally between 0.06 and 0.1 seconds.
This indicates that very short ventricular depolarization normally occurs very rapidly .
If the QRS duration is prolonged ( more than a tenth of a second) , so conduction is altered within the ventricles .
Repolarization of the atria (atrial diastole = relaxation of atria ) occurs during ventricular depolarization.
 No visible wave since the wave as repolarization atria is relatively low in amplitude , it is masked by the QRS complex generated by the ventricles .
The ST segment

Time for complete ventricular repolarization
The T wave

Repolarization of the ventricles ( ventricular diastolic relaxation = ventricles ) .
Longer in duration than the depolarization ( conduction velocity of the wave of repolarization is lower than that of the depolarization wave ) .


Supraventricular disorders

The atrial fibrillation : AC / FA

    Full arythme atrial fibrillation is the disappearance of normal sinus rhythm with a completely irregular shape , such supraventricular and ventricular rate between 40 and 200 per minute.

Atrial fibrillation: uncontrolled atrial depolarization cells , resulting in the transmission atrioventricular node depolarization wave haphazardly , until 500 min .

Complete arrhythmia : the stimuli through the atrioventricular node do so completely irregular , causing ventricular depolarization ( QRS complex ) just as chaotic , but at a lower frequency compared to the headset : 40 to 200 per minute.

Atrial fibrillation is a disruption of the electrical current in the atria responsible absence of mechanical activity of the atria and the P-wave absence ( no depolarization of the atria : atrial systole) . The disappearance of normal sinus rhythm is replaced by rapid contractions (occurring about 400 to 600 times per minute). These atrial contractions are inefficient and cause irregular and usually rapid contractions of the ventricles .

Irregular rhythm completely.
PR different areas .
P waves before the QRS have different aspects .
Different R -R field .
QRS complexes identical in appearance .
We talk about tAC / FA (full tachyarrhythmia atrial fibrillation) when there is more ventricular tachycardia.

The sinus arrhythmia

    The sinus arrhythmia is an irregular route to " oscillating " frequency , giving the impression of speed and slow . Its origin is sinus .



Sinus tachycardia

    Sinus tachycardia is a supraventricular rhythm due to an increase of the discharge frequency & Keith node Flack .



Atrial flutter

    Atrial flutter is a regular atrial tachycardia , between 200 and 350 per minute , with an atrio - ventricular conduction .

Frequency of the P wave to 200-350 per minute .
Conduction type 2/1 , 3/1 or 4/1 (4/1 = 4 P-wave duct , of which a ventricular pace at 75 per minute ) .
Plot in " sawtooth " .


Supraventricular extrasystoles

    The supraventricular extrasystole is premature cardiac stimulation compared to basal rate premature. According to its origin , it is called auricular ( ear ) or junctional ( atrioventricular node ) .

Atrial premature :
P waves before each QRS complex , different P wave of the basic course .
Premature QRS complex .
Junctional ectopic :
P wave absent more often or after the QRS complex.
Premature QRS complex .


Ventricular disorders

Ventricular fibrillation

    Ventricular fibrillation is a chaotic and completely disorganized electrical activity of the ventricles :

Route disorganized QRS complexes widened.
Heart rate can not be determined .
In general, patient in cardiac arrest .

Ventricular tachycardia

    Ventricular tachycardia is an abnormal state of excitation of the ventricles resulting in the emission of continuous or intermittent bursts of ventricular extrasystoles , at a high frequency (greater than 120/minute ) .


The torsade de pointes

    The torsade de pointes is a special form of ventricular tachycardia due to a disorder of ventricular repolarization :

Frequency between 200 and 250.
Variable amplitude.
Long QT ( delayed repolarization ) .
Variable polarity QRS complexes point alternately upwards and downwards .

The ventricular extrasystole : ESV

    The ventricular extrasystole ( VES ) is premature ventricular contraction :

Premature QRS complex widens and not preceded by a P wave